Monthly Archives: December 2009

Processing Fear

I’m still reeling from the documentaries we watched in our pre-departure workshop. Though I participated in the 2009 Challenges to Peacebuilding in Cambodia J-Term, we were removed from outright violence because there was no filmed documentation of the genocide.  I’m more comfortable now than I once was with the idea of the victim/perpetrator cycle, but as Ben mentioned in his blog, the brutality we experienced via television from the safety of our classroom in Monterey was so personal.  I am not frightened of sorrow nor of anger dictating the way I experience my daily routine, and I anticipate that tears and frustration will punctuate my experience in Sierra Leone.  However, seeing this violence requires a new dimension of emotional processing in terms of fear, and I am having a lot of trouble with this.

The documentaries covered a lot of ground, describing the actors, issues, and themes implicated in the war and its aftermath.  However, much of the footage came from a civilian who managed to film the violence perpetrated by both the RUF rebels and the ECOMOG forces against both combatants and civilians.   I cannot describe the horror I felt watching the slow process of ECOMOG forces approaching an innocent developmentally disabled child that they believed to be a sniper, dragging him to their vehicle and torturing him without mercy.  Suddenly I did not want to be in the classroom, I just wanted my Mother, craving one of man’s basic needs of human warmth and security.

In certain moments over the past few days I have been overcome by this feeling of fear as my mind returns to the boy who could not run to his mother.  He had to experience the fear and bare the torture.  Where was the warmth and security for this boy?  How can a person who has undergone this trauma feel that they can rely on security after having experienced such vicious cruelty?

As students of conflict resolution, we are learning that without knowing this violence and without really feeling the pain of those who have lived through the war, its impossible to be effective in the field of conflict resolution.  However, while I am comfortable with sadness and anger, I lack confidence when it comes to fear, which has certainly affected my routines in the past few days.  I can only imagine what it is like to live in permanent fear on top of the sadness and anger of losing not only limbs and loved ones, but every form of individual and social identity.

Trying to prepare myself

December 17, 2009

I’m in an airplane, on my way home to Michigan for a Christmas visit.  The fast approaching trip to Sierra Leone leaves me feeling numb right now.  I think I’ve been good about trying to remain cognizant of the challenge that the trip will pose.  I’m excited by the entire undertaking, but unsettled as well.  I think my unease stems in part from what I expect out of myself during the trip, knowing the emotional limitations I see in myself presently.

How am I going to operate in Sierra Leone.  I expect a harsh wake-up call.  I’m scared.  Not because I don’t think I’ll be able to process what I will experience, but because I don’ t have confidence in me emotionally appreciating what is in store.  I think I’m afraid of the challenge that reflection will pose on the trip.  I’m going to have to force myself to do more than just report, but also think back and reflect upon experiences in Sierra Leone.

Ahead of the trip I’ve formed some opinions and ideas about Sierra Leone, the conflict and the prospects for peacebuilding.  I think it will be valuable to try to get through these now.  They should prove interesting, and at the least useful to me, as I’m sure my notions will change during and after the trip.

  • The images of the violence our group saw in films thus far are grisly.  The severing of limbs, ears and noses is a kind of violence that is so personal.  It requires close interaction, shooting at a person from a distance seems easy compared to what must be required of the perpetrator that cuts off the hands of another.  How does this violence happen?  By no means do I mean to sound as if this has never happened before Sierra Leone and other African conflicts, I’m aware of the brutal violence that took place by all races and cultures through history.  But the question remains, what is the chemistry that is going on inside of people that makes it possible to do these things?  I just do not understand it, I’m not sure that I should.
  • My biases and my personal lens, is one that looks for explanation of violent acts through structures, histories, systems and grievances.  I’m not one that has to guard against labeling something mass criminal behavior.  Indeed, for me, the check has to come from the other direction, in that I have to learn to be hard on those that commit brutal acts.  This I think is where my emotional distance from things troubles me the most.  I need to become more comfortable I think with the emotional response that the images I’ve seen evoke.
  • I think the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) bears an unfair amount of blame for the war and violence in Sierra Leone.  I don’t know enough to articulate why, or who else shares blame, but I will not – at least not at this instant in an airplane over Illinois – accept that the RUF was some spontaneous incarnation of extreme violence.  What is this saying?  That there was some reprimitization of a people that happened in Sierra Leone?  I reject this.  There is more blame to go around.
  • And that leads me to another confession: I want to blame someone.  I try to remain sober about the conflict, I have to guard against signaling out an “other,” or a “them” that bears responsibility for the violence.  I think I’m good about this, but as I think about the trip ahead of me, the clinicians discourse I’ve learned to use when looking at conflict is unsatisfying.  I want blame to be doled out, I want to know who is most responsible.
  • I’m skeptical of efforts at peacebuilding by outside actors.  I don’t know who the good stewards are in Sierra Leone, and right now, I’m dubious as to whether there are any.  Knowing peacebuilding purely from my detached perspective as a graduate student, I put much more stock in indigenous initiatives at peace, governance and the restoration of relationships.  I consistently find myself concluding that in Sierra Leone, Somalia, Uganda or wherever, that these places managed for a long time without outside actors, and that they surely have the capacity to heal their societies.

It’s not all of my biases, but they are what I think are some of the most salient at this time.  I want it to be clear to anyone reading this, these ideas and statements are merely an effort to try to articulate my own lens, to try to better know myself.  I do not mean for my writing here to sound dogmatic.  Quite the contrary, I am trying to reveal my own fallibilities.  I want to guard against what I often become annoyed with in others, that is an inability to step outside themselves, examine where they are coming from, and project some humility.

Preparing for Sierra Leone from New England

It’s hard to believe that in less than a month I will be far away from this snow-covered landscape exploring the West African nation of Sierra Leone. So far the experience of preparing for this trip has been absolutely amazing for me. The readings, the documentaries and the group discussion (via videoconference or skype of course) have all hit an inner passion which I have found hard to fuel in my undergraduate studies. For example, the readings on structural and cultural violence gave me a vocabulary and a language with which to understand and approach systematic societal problems which I had felt for a very long time but had never known how to articulate. Just last night I was talking to my father about the health care reform bill (which is a dangerous topic for us since he is politically conservative) and I was able to express to him, using the vocabulary of structural violence, my strong feelings for the need for a public option in health care. Although he still doesn’t agree with me, I think he could better understand why I felt the system that is currently in place is fundamentally flawed. 

I’m anxious and excited to see how the rest of this experience will unfold. With only a year left of my undergraduate studies I think this trip could have a profound impact on the direction I want my life to take. Maybe a Master’s in Conflict Resolution is in the cards? Well for now, I’ve got my visa, my plane ticket and my yellow fever vaccination so I’ll see you in Freetown!

Let the Countdown Begin

In less than a month, we will be on the ground in Sierra Leone. In preparation, we watched documentaries, met with MIIS staff and faculty with Sierra Leone and West Africa experience, and perused various case studies. These sources attempted to prepare us for this experience and give us the background needed to conduct quality field research. I appreciate all of the MIIS staff who dedicated time and energy to our preparation and support this experience.

When friends and family find out about my going to Sierra Leone, many ask why I am going. This trip provides a unique opportunity for us as students to put what we learn as theory in a classroom immediately into action in the real world. Rather than just reading about how to conduct field work, we will now gain experience conducting field work. This combination of quality classroom and real world experience make it an invaluable program. Sierra Leone is also a great location to study my areas of interest – elections, nation building, and government verses NGO program delivery – as their government is less than ten years old. In addition to insights in these areas, I look forward to learning more about the origins of the conflict, how former child soldiers are reintegrating into society now that they are adults, and how citizens perceive the effectiveness of the newer government.

In preparation for trips, I feel like much time is spent on predicting how things will be different – how the food, language, landscape, arts, and other cultural aspects will differ from those at home. Yet after some time in the country, I realize how much in common we all have. I look forward to this process of discovery in Sierra Leone, focusing on what unites us rather than divides us.

I will update this blog regularly before, during, and after the trip with observations and reflections. I welcome your questions, comments, and input about my postings and experiences in Sierra Leone. So please feel free to contact me and I will respond as soon as possible. Until next time, feel free to check out these sources about Sierra Leone:

CIA World Factbook on Sierra Leone – https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html

U.S. State Department Profile on Sierra Leone – http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5475.htm

Sierra Leone Travel and Tourism – http://www.visitsierraleone.org/

Fundraiser Dinner at Bistro 211

Last night our group came together with friends, family, and faculty to participate in a fundraiser at the cozy Bistro 211 in Carmel, a dinner organized by Rishna, whose father owns the restaurant.  Prior to the big night our group divided into smaller task forces to handle the logistics of the evening’s set-up and clean-up, the creation of flyers and thank you cards, and solicit wine donations.

I arrived early with the set up crew, which polished, decorated, stuffed mushrooms, and sliced limes as per the instructions of Rishna and the Bistro 211 kitchen staff.  As the rest of our Sierra Leone group arrived and guests began to trickle in, more of us served appetizers and wine while the intimate Bistro 211 twinkled and buzzed with conversation.  Every seat in the house was soon filled and our team brought out the bread and a first course of two bean soup. Salads came out next followed by family style servings of Salmon, Chicken, Vegetables, and Quinoa.

As everyone finished, Pushpa outlined the objectives of this J-Term, explaining how fieldwork is one of the best ways to bring home the concept of peacebuilding.  The Dean of GSIPM, Dr. Yuwei Shi, then spoke about the increasing popularity of the J-Term experience at MIIS, mentioning how meaningful J-Terms are to students’ learning experiences.  He revealed that Pushpa has set a pattern for her future J-terms.  While last year she held her J-Term in Cambodia, and this year is Sierra Leone, next year she will go to Nepal and the following year she will begin in Cambodia again.  This will become a series of courses that will build an ongoing research database with her students about the challenges to peacebuilding in three very different post war societies.

This was a truly special way to combine close community and gorgeous food with genuine discussion about the challenges that we, as students of conflict resolution, will face in Sierra Leone.  Friends, family, and faculty made it clear that we have a strong support base who will follow our adventures.  We topped the event off with desert – a warm apple pie adorned with blackberries and caramel sauce – as the evening came to an end.  More members of our team extended their helping hands for the clean up and Bistro 211 closed for the evening.
Thank you so much to Rishna, her family, and the kitchen staff of Bistro 211 for making this fundraiser possible.  It was absolutely classy, tasty, and memorable!

“I take all pain and make it a song.”

The documentary that we watched most recently was about The Refugees Allstars. The quote that stuck with me the most was, ” I take all the pain and all the suffering of the people and make a song.” The film, through this band, illustrates the incredible amount of pain that the entire country went through during the war, which is unbelievable. “Bling” did this as well, but I loved reliving the history of the nation through The Refugees Allstars. Their suffering is apparent. All of the members have went through such shocking experiences, but they express their hurt in an amazing fashion; through music. Watching them take such horrific times in their lives and find a joyful, pleasant way to express it made it truly a fantastic documentary. Instead of rising up in arms and releasing their frustrations violently, they’ve chosen to entertain their country men with lyrics to which that can all relate. I loved it and would most definitely see it again!

Refugee All Stars and our fourth meeting

At our fourth meeting, Jennifer Hambleton from Advising and Career Services spoke about her experience in Sierra Leone. Jen visited Sierra Leone in 2005. At the time there were trials occurring within the country focusing on the war. Jen told us that the trials were more instituted as a result of what the international community wanted, then being a method of truth and reconciliation for the people to use to address what occurred during the war. She also addressed the role of peacekeepers and the international community within the country. After the war ended, Freetown was flooded with NGO workers, peacekeepers and UN employees. It has also led to a certain degree of animosity towards westerners for several reasons. One the main reasons was the perpetuation of the prostitution industry by westerners within the country. This was something that truly surprised me at the time, because peacekeepers and peace workers perpetuating prostitution seemed counter-intuitive to me. However, during most wars, soldiers often exacerbate and partake in the prostitution industry, and peacekeepers are soldiers. This is something that I’m glad I am now more aware of, because, although Jen said there was never open hostility there was clear animosity towards western presence.

Later we watched Refugee All Stars, a documentary about a group of refugees who are members of a music group. Their music talks about their experiences, their situation, and about a hopeful future. The UN sends this group to other refugee camps to preform. The movie culminates with their return to Sierra Leone. All the members do not make this trip, because of their experiences during the war. The UN is trying to repatriate the residents of the refugee camp, and one of the tactics which they used was sending this music group to Sierra Leone and having them report back to the other residents of the refugee camp on the situation in the country. The documentary showcased several different aspects of post-conflict. Central among these was the role of music in healing. I really enjoyed seeing how music functions in peace building.